ESP 8266-Based Car Battery Current and Voltage Monitoring Design
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70822/evrmata.vi.43Keywords:
Mickconroller, Battery, Voltage, Current, ESP8266, MultimeterAbstract
Fluctuations in engine speed can make motorists unaware of the actual battery voltage and current, even though the battery voltage should be above 85% of the maximum voltage. Typically, the battery voltage for petrol engines is around 12.5 Volts in order to function properly. This study aims to calculate the changes in current and voltage at various loads when the engine rotation is at 1000, 1500, 2500, 3000, 3500, and 4000 rpm. Measurements were made using the ESP8266 microcontroller and compared with measurements using a multimeter. Data was taken by measuring the current and voltage of the battery when the engine was loaded by AC, audio, and lights. The test results show that the voltage measured with a multimeter tends to be higher than that measured with a smartphone. The voltage measured by the multimeter increased from 1000 to 2000 Rpm, decreased at 2500 Rpm, and increased again up to 4000 Rpm. When measured with a smartphone, the voltage tends to be stable from 1500 to 3000 Rpm, and then increases at 3500 and 4000 Rpm. The charging system shows an increase in fulfilled electricity demand at each revolution.
References
A. Ben, E. Adly, and D. Hasannah, “Internet Of Things (Iot) Light Control System Using a Mobile-Based Raspberry Pi,” IAIC Trans. Sustain. Digit. Innov., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 46–53, 2020.
M. Ehteshaam, M. Amir, and A. Haque, “Investigation of Battery Health Monitoring System for Electric Vehicles Using IoT-Cloud Based Arduino Controller,” in 2023 Second International Conference On Smart Technologies For Smart Nation (SmartTechCon), IEEE, 2023, pp. 1249–1254.
J. Loukil, F. Masmoudi, and N. Derbel, “A real-time estimator for model parameters and state of charge of lead acid batteries in photovoltaic applications,” J. Energy Storage, vol. 34, p. 102184, 2021.
I. Saukani et al., “Buck-boost converter in photovoltaics for battery chargers,” vol. 02, no. 01, pp. 85–89, 2024.
A. Sangari, K. Eswaramoorthy, V. Kiranmayee, J. A. Sheeba, and D. Sivamani, “IoT-Based Battery Monitoring System for Electric Vehicle,” in 2022 IEEE International Conference on Current Development in Engineering and Technology (CCET), IEEE, 2022, pp. 1–5.
G. Kalyani and V. Sindhu, “Design and Analysis of IoT-Based Battery Management and Monitoring System for Electric Vehicle,” 2024.
M. Sabarimuthu, N. Senthilnathan, P. M. Sundari, M. P. Krishna, L. Aarthi, and S. Yogeshwaran, “Battery monitoring system for lithium ion batteries using IoT,” in 2021 innovations in power and advanced computing technologies (i-PACT), IEEE, 2021, pp. 1–6.
S. Krishnakumar, A. Kumar, N. Selvarani, G. Satish, R. RamanChandan, and M. Sivaramkrishnan, “IoT-based battery management system for E-vehicles,” in 2022 3rd International Conference on Smart Electronics and Communication (ICOSEC), IEEE, 2022, pp. 428–434.
F. Zainuri et al., “Performance Analysis of Electric Vehicle Conversion at CENTER of Gravity Measurement,” J. Teknol., vol. 10, no. 1, 2020.
“BATERAI.pdf.”
M. R. C. Maltezo et al., “Arduino-based battery monitoring system with state of charge and remaining useful time estimation,” vol. 8, no. 76, 2021.
R. K. Mazlan, R. M. Dan, M. Z. Zakaria, and A. H. A. Hamid, “Experimental study on the effect of alternator speed to the car charging system,” in MATEC Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, 2017, p. 1076.
P. J. Martínez Hernándiz, “Implementation and Analysis of the Pre-Chamber Ignition Concept in a SI Engine for Passenger Car Applications.” Universitat Politècnica de València, 2024.
E. E. Ferg, F. Schuldt, and J. Schmidt, “The challenges of a Li-ion starter lighting and ignition battery: A review from cradle to grave,” J. Power Sources, vol. 423, pp. 380–403, 2019.
I. Setiono, J. P. Sudarto, and T. Semarang, “Akumulator, Pemakaian Dan Perawatannya,” Metana, vol. 11, no. 01, pp. 31–36, 2015.
M. S. Kale and B. N. Chaudhari, “IoT based battery monitoring system,” in 2022 international conference on advances in computing, communication and materials (ICACCM), IEEE, 2022, pp. 1–5.
S. Bouchenak, A. Cox, S. Dropsho, S. Mittal, and W. Zwaenepoel, “Caching Dynamic Web Content: Designing and Analysing an Aspect-Oriented Solution,” in ACM/IFIP/USENIX 7th International Middleware Conference, 2006, pp. 1–21. doi: 10.1007/11925071_1.
R. K. Kaushal, S. N. Panda, and N. Kumar, “An IoT based approach to monitor and replace batteries for battery operated vehicle,” in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, IOP Publishing, 2020, p. 12119.
M. F. N. Maghfiroh, A. H. Pandyaswargo, and H. Onoda, “Current readiness status of electric vehicles in indonesia: Multistakeholder perceptions,” Sustainability, vol. 13, no. 23, p. 13177, 2021.
J. Urquizo and P. Singh, “A review of health estimation methods for Lithium-ion batteries in Electric Vehicles and their relevance for Battery Energy Storage Systems,” J. Energy Storage, vol. 73, p. 109194, 2023.
M. W. Anggraini and M. Luqman, “Optimal USB to Serial Converter and Delphi Software Integration for Emergency Call Handling,” vol. 01, no. 02, pp. 47–60, 2024.
V. V. V. Inti, M. Deenakonda, N. Bhanupriya, Trp. Yalla, and A. Siva, “IoT-Based Hi-Tech Battery Charger for Modern EVs,” in International Conference on Cognitive Computing and Cyber Physical Systems, Springer, 2023, pp. 76–85.
J. Lianda, A. Hadi, A. Adam, H. Amri, and G. Eviani, IoT Based Battery Capacity Monitoring System on Solar Panels in Electric Vehicle, vol. 2023. Atlantis Press International BV, 2024. doi: 10.2991/978-94-6463-364-1.
G. Kalyani, V. Sindhu, G. Kalyani, and V. Sindhu, “Design and Analysis of IoT-Based Battery Management and Monitoring System for Electric Vehicle,” vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 42–54, 2024.
Y. Cheddadi, H. Cheddadi, F. Cheddadi, F. Errahimi, and N. Es-sbai, “Design and implementation of an intelligent low-cost IoT solution for energy monitoring of photovoltaic stations,” SN Appl. Sci., vol. 2, no. 7, p. 1165, 2020.
S. Haldar, S. Mondal, A. Mondal, and R. Banerjee, “Battery management system using state of charge estimation: An IOT based approach,” in 2020 national conference on emerging trends on sustainable technology and engineering applications (NCETSTEA), IEEE, 2020, pp. 1–5.
M. I. S. Abd Rahman, S. Sulaiman, and M. A. Azizul, “Remote Vehicle Monitoring System Starting and Tracking Using IoT System,” J. Automot. Powertrain Transp. Technol., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 33–41, 2023.
S. Singh, P. Rathore, V. K. Tayal, and S. K. Sinha, “Improved design of automatic car battery charging system,” in 2019 2nd International Conference on Power Energy, Environment and Intelligent Control (PEEIC), IEEE, 2019, pp. 1–5.
B. P. Adedeji, “Electric vehicles survey and a multifunctional artificial neural network for predicting energy consumption in all-electric vehicles,” Results Eng., vol. 19, p. 101283, 2023.
W. Jiang et al., “Hardware/software co-exploration of neural architectures,” IEEE Trans. Comput. Des. Integr. Circuits Syst., vol. 39, no. 12, pp. 4805–4815, 2020.
